1. Define the term Pan-Slavism, and explain how this concept lead to a world war.
2. Define the League of Nations and explain why the concept on collective security prevented several countries from joining this organization.
3. SHORT ANSWER* What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and how did this treaty influence the outbreak of WWII?
1. Pan-Slavism
What is it??
Pan-Slavism was a powerful, Russian sponsored,form of nationalism. It was a movement aimed to unify all Slavic nations and people. It held that all Slavic people shared a common nationality. The reason it was sponsored by Russia was because Russia was the largest Slavic country, and felt it was its job to lead and protect all Slavs and Slavic nations. How did it lead to a World War??
The war began when Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary visited Bosnia and was assassinated. Bosnia was currently under the rule of Austria-Hungary, however it was also a home to many Serbs and other Slavs, who weren't to happy to hear of this visit. Many Slavs viewed him as a "foreign oppressor". With the rush of Slavic nationalism growing, a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand vowed to take action. Sure enough, while the Archduke and his wife were riding in a car during a parade, conspirator Gavrilo Pincip shot and killed them both. Serbia had already had a regional conflict with Austria-Hungary before, and the assasination had finally given the Austria-Hungary ruler, Francis Joseph, an excuse to crush Serbia once and for all.Swayed by their German ally, Kaiser William II,Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum;To avoid war, "Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian officials involved in the murder plot, and Austria was allowed to be involved in the process". When Serbia agreed to most but not all of the demands, Austria declared war on Serbia. Serbia quickly turned to Russia, the head Slavic nation, while Germany backed Austria-Hungary.
So Basically...
Because of the growing nationalism among the Slavic people (aka Pan- Slavism), Serbia (which was a Slavic nation under the control of Austria-Hungary)felt empowered enough to stand up to Austria-Hungary (because they were being controlled by a country of a different nationality and they didn't like it). Austria-Hungary, which was already previously worried about the growing Pan-Slavism and a potential uprising, needed an excuse to crush all forms of slavic nationalism. Pressured by Germany, they declared war, not expecting Russia, a very large and intimidating nation, to back Serbia. However, Russia did because of Pan-Slavism telling them that, as the champion Slavic nation, it was their duty to protect all other Slavic nations.. Which is how Pan-Slavism led to a world war!
Slavic people in Europe (south, west and east slavs)
*This map shows where the majority of the Slavic nations were in World War I. Though it is partially cut out of the picture, it is obvious Russia is the largest, which is clearly why it stepped up as the protector and leader of the other smaller nations. *
2. League of Nations( Collective Security)
What is it??
After the war ended in a "victory" for the allies( France, Britain, and the US), the Paris Peace Conference was held to determine what was to happen next as well as what the Treaty would hold. However the "Big Three"--> U.S.(president Wilson), France (GeorgesClemenceau) and Britain (David LloydGeorge)--> all had different objectives. In order to obtain peace, US President Wilson suggested the idea of the International League of Nations. The league would be based on a system called Collective Security.
What is Collective Security??
A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
How did the concept of collective security prevent several countries from joining the League of Nations??
The League of Nations concept of collective security suggested that instead of resorting to war, nations would negotiate disputes. However it also suggested that if there happened to be a war or dispute between nations, others were obligated to join in, in order to stop it. Nations didn't find this appealing mainly because they didn't want to get involved in wars that didn't originally involve them. Therefore many nations, ultimately including the United Sates, refused to join.
*This picture shows the "Big Three" leaders*
3. Treaty of Versailles
*SHORT ANSWER QUESTION!!!!!!*
What is it??
The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty made at the end of World War I by the "Big Three". It was made in the Paris Peace Conference, which countries like Germany and Russia weren't invited to.
What did it state??
The Treaty basically stated several points,mainly aimed against Germany. The main points were:
Germany must take full blame for the war.
Germany must pay huge reparations for things like the destruction caused, as well as pension for soldiers and those widowed because of the war.
Germany must reduce the size of their army to at most, 100,000.
Germany must give up alot of their land. (Alsace and Lorraine to France)
Germany must lose overseas colonies.
etc.
--->Germany was forced to sign*
---->*Keep in mind that while all of this was being done to Germany, the allies lost nothing.
How did it influence World War II??
First off, the majority of the treaty was meant to punish Germany. The outrageous demands given to Germany to complete as "punishment for starting the war" left many Germans horrified and furious. Germany's economy was already devastated, just like the other nations involved in the war, and if Germany did everything the treaty asked them, their economy would be even worse. They thought it was unfair and were horrified at the fact that they were expected to do all of these tasks alone.The after affects of Germany completing these tasks were that it sent them into a serious economic depression. Also, it built up anger and hatred towardsthe other nations, not only because of how much they were demanding of Germany, but also because it shamed and embarrassed Germany and its people. The completion of these tasks left Germany broken, desperate, embarrassed, and filled with hatred. They were so consumed by these things, that when Hitler emerged, they immediatly followed him (to them, anything was better then where they currently were, and his promises were very appealing ). He promised many things such as, bringing Germany back to the top, ending the economic depression, getting revenge on other nations, restoring its reputation, and bringing it back to being
as a feared and respected world power, and because they were so desperate and filled with hatred, they listened and agreed to everything he said.So, fueled by embarrasment, anger, hatred, and desperateness, World War II, with all of its horrors, began to unfold. *This is a page from the Treaty of Versailles. You can see some of the demands it includes***
Chapter 26
Check out this Link: http://www.worldwar-1.net/
Questions Include-->
1. Define the term Pan-Slavism, and explain how this concept lead to a world war.
2. Define the League of Nations and explain why the concept on collective security prevented several countries from joining this organization.
3. SHORT ANSWER* What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, and how did this treaty influence the outbreak of WWII?
1. Pan-Slavism
What is it??
Pan-Slavism was a powerful, Russian sponsored, form of nationalism. It was a movement aimed to unify all Slavic nations and people. It held that all Slavic people shared a common nationality. The reason it was sponsored by Russia was because Russia was the largest Slavic country, and felt it was its job to lead and protect all Slavs and Slavic nations.
How did it lead to a World War??
The war began when Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary visited Bosnia and was assassinated. Bosnia was currently under the rule of Austria-Hungary, however it was also a home to many Serbs and other Slavs, who weren't to happy to hear of this visit. Many Slavs viewed him as a "foreign oppressor". With the rush of Slavic nationalism growing, a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand vowed to take action. Sure enough, while the Archduke and his wife were riding in a car during a parade, conspirator Gavrilo Pincip shot and killed them both. Serbia had already had a regional conflict with Austria-Hungary before, and the assasination had finally given the Austria-Hungary ruler, Francis Joseph, an excuse to crush Serbia once and for all. Swayed by their German ally, Kaiser William II, Austria gave Serbia an ultimatum; To avoid war, "Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian officials involved in the murder plot, and Austria was allowed to be involved in the process". When Serbia agreed to most but not all of the demands, Austria declared war on Serbia. Serbia quickly turned to Russia, the head Slavic nation, while Germany backed Austria-Hungary.
So Basically...
Because of the growing nationalism among the Slavic people (aka Pan- Slavism), Serbia (which was a Slavic nation under the control of Austria-Hungary) felt empowered enough to stand up to Austria-Hungary (because they were being controlled by a country of a different nationality and they didn't like it). Austria-Hungary, which was already previously worried about the growing Pan-Slavism and a potential uprising, needed an excuse to crush all forms of slavic nationalism. Pressured by Germany, they declared war, not expecting Russia, a very large and intimidating nation, to back Serbia. However, Russia did because of Pan-Slavism telling them that, as the champion Slavic nation, it was their duty to protect all other Slavic nations.. Which is how Pan-Slavism led to a world war!
2. League of Nations( Collective Security)
What is it??
After the war ended in a "victory" for the allies ( France, Britain, and the US), the Paris Peace Conference was held to determine what was to happen next as well as what the Treaty would hold. However the "Big Three"--> U.S.(president Wilson), France (GeorgesClemenceau) and Britain (David LloydGeorge)--> all had different objectives. In order to obtain peace, US President Wilson suggested the idea of the International League of Nations. The league would be based on a system called Collective Security.
What is Collective Security??
A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all.
How did the concept of collective security prevent several countries from joining the League of Nations??
The League of Nations concept of collective security suggested that instead of resorting to war, nations would negotiate disputes. However it also suggested that if there happened to be a war or dispute between nations, others were obligated to join in, in order to stop it. Nations didn't find this appealing mainly because they didn't want to get involved in wars that didn't originally involve them. Therefore many nations, ultimately including the United Sates, refused to join.
*This picture shows the "Big Three" leaders*
3. Treaty of Versailles
*SHORT ANSWER QUESTION!!!!!!*
What is it??
The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty made at the end of World War I by the "Big Three". It was made in the Paris Peace Conference, which countries like Germany and Russia weren't invited to.
What did it state??
The Treaty basically stated several points, mainly aimed against Germany. The main points were:
--->Germany was forced to sign*
---->*Keep in mind that while all of this was being done to Germany, the allies lost nothing .
How did it influence World War II??
First off, the majority of the treaty was meant to punish Germany. The outrageous demands given to Germany to complete as "punishment for starting the war" left many Germans horrified and furious. Germany's economy was already devastated, just like the other nations involved in the war, and if Germany did everything the treaty asked them, their economy would be even worse. They thought it was unfair and were horrified at the fact that they were expected to do all of these tasks alone.The after affects of Germany completing these tasks were that it sent them into a serious economic depression. Also, it built up anger and hatred towards the other nations, not only because of how much they were demanding of Germany, but also because it shamed and embarrassed Germany and its people. The completion of these tasks left Germany broken, desperate, embarrassed, and filled with hatred. They were so consumed by these things, that when Hitler emerged, they immediatly followed him (to them, anything was better then where they currently were, and his promises were very appealing ). He promised many things such as, bringing Germany back to the top, ending the economic depression, getting revenge on other nations, restoring its reputation, and bringing it back to being
as a feared and respected world power, and because they were so desperate and filled with hatred, they listened and agreed to everything he said. So, fueled by embarrasment, anger, hatred, and desperateness, World War II, with all of its horrors, began to unfold.
By: Sarah Cronin
Very thorough
Great Job!